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Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nodavirus, is one of the major infectious diseases affecting the marine fish farming industry, yet no effective vaccine is available. In this study, we examined the halibut immune response following administration of an experimental vaccine comprising a recombinant nodavirus capsid protein in combination with an oil adjuvant (OA). Four groups of...
Pneumococcal infections in adults vary in severity and incidence is affected by childhood vaccination policy. Here, we try to define the host determinants and the interaction with specific serotypes that result in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) before an expected effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A nationwide active surveillance was initiated on July 2009, at the time of national implementation...
In the present study, immunity against infectious diseases, which are capable of influencing both the mother and fetus during pregnancy and the infant in the postnatal period, were assessed in pregnant women to elucidate the necessity of vaccination during the childbearing age. It was determined that there was a trend of increases in the proportion of patients that had low antibody titers observed...
Background: Since 1996, hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) has been recommended for adults at increased risk for infection including travelers to high or intermediate hepatitis A endemic countries. In 2009, travel outside the United States and Canada was the most common exposure nationally reported for persons with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Objective: To assess HepA vaccination coverage among adults...
Prior exposure to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae can induce a protective antibody response to proteins antigens, which prevents subsequent invasive disease. This may be achieved either by colonisation with live bacteria or by immunisation with killed cells. Such approaches could provide novel vaccine strategies that overcome the serotype restriction of conjugate vaccines, and would aim to prevent...
The A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine was developed and administered to hospital workers at first during the peak of the outbreak in Korea. The present multicenter cohort study was conducted to evaluate whether the A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine effectively protected hospital workers. The study vaccine contained 15μg of A/California/7/2009 NYMC X-179A(H1N1) without adjuvant, Greenflu-S(TM). Participants were requested in...
In Germany, vaccination against the most oncogenic HPV types 16/18 is recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) for 12-17 year old girls since March 2007. We developed a dynamic mathematical model for the natural history and transmission of HPV infections to estimate the impact of vaccination on incidence and mortality of cervical cancer and its pre-stages, and on anogenital warts...
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) systems that use the skin's immune function are promising needle-free, easy-to-use, and low-invasive vaccination alternative to conventional, injectable vaccination methods. To develop effective TCI systems, it is essential to establish fundamental techniques and technologies that deliver antigenic proteins to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and dermis while...
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causal agent of severe disease and, in some cases, mortality in humans, but no licensed vaccines against dengue are available. An effective vaccine against dengue requires long-term humoral and cellular immune responses. Several viral proteins have been the subjects of intense research, especially the envelope (E) protein, aimed at developing a vaccine. Domain III of the...
Background: To increase vaccine acceptance, intradermal (ID) influenza vaccine (Fluzone ( R) Intradermal, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.) may be an attractive alternative to intramuscular (IM) vaccination due to smaller needle and volume injected. Methods: A multicenter, randomized (2:1 ID vs IM vaccines) study, blinded for ID vaccine lots, was conducted among 4292 adults 18-64 years of age enrolled...
Introduction: One of two overarching goals of the Healthy People 2010 initiative was to eliminate health disparities. We evaluate trends in children vaccination coverage disparities by socio-demographic characteristics in the United States from 2001 through 2010. Methods: Disparities in vaccination coverage for the 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccine series was assessed with National Immunization Survey (NIS) 2001-2010...
The nasopharynx of children is often colonised by microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) that can cause infections including pneumonia and otitis media. In this complex environment, bacteria and viruses may impact each other through antagonistic as well as synergistic interactions. Vaccination may alter colonisation dynamics, evidenced by the rise in non-vaccine serotypes...
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